Dr. Robert T. Knight explains brainwave vs. biometric measurements: “The brain’s timeline – ‘See it., Extract it, Turn it into Emotion/Memory, Begin to Plan a Response’ – is all over in half a second [500 milliseconds]. Peripheral responses such as sweaty palms, pupil dilation, heart rate, are all indirect measures and very sluggish, 5-7 seconds. This is long after the real activity is done.”